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3. Vowels
3.1 Front Vowels
3.1.1 /i/ 3.1.2 /ɪ/ 3.1.3 /i/ vs. /ɪ/ 3.1.4 /eɪ/ 3.1.5 /ɛ/ 3.1.6 /eɪ/ vs. /ɛ/ 3.1.7 /i/ vs. /eɪ/ 3.1.8 /ɪ/ vs. /ɛ/ 3.1.9 /æ/ 3.1.10 /ɛ/ vs. /æ/ 3.1.11 /æ/ vs. /ɑ/ Additional Front Vowel Contrasts
3.2 Central Vowels
3.2.1 /ʌ/ and /ə/ 3.2.2 /ɑ/ vs. /ʌ/ 3.2.3 /ʌ/ vs. /ʊ/
3.3 Back Vowels
3.3.1 /uʷ/ 3.3.2 /ʊ/ 3.3.3 /uʷ/ vs. /ʊ/ 3.3.4 /oʷ/ 3.3.5 /ɑ/ 3.3.6 /oʷ/ vs. /ɑ/
3.4 Diphthongs
3.4.1 /aɪ/ 3.4.2 /aʊ/ 3.4.3 /ɔɪ/ 3.4.4 /ʲuʷ/ 3.4.5 Side-by-Side Vowels
4. Consonants
4.3 Common Problem Sounds and Sound Substitutions
4.3.1 American Varieties of “t” 4.3.2 /d/ 4.3.3 /d/, /t/, /z/, /s/ and /f/ vs. /ð/ and /ɵ/ 4.3.4 /ð/ and /ɵ/ 4.3.5 /s/ 4.3.6 Initial /s/ Clusters 4.3.7 /z/ 4.3.8 /ʒ/ 4.3.9 /z/, /ʒ/, and /ʤ/ 4.3.10 /s/ vs. /ʃ/ 4.3.11 /ʧ/ vs. /ʃ/ 4.3.12 /ʧ/ vs. /ʤ/ 4.3.13 /j/ vs. /ʤ/ 4.3.14 /ʃ/ 4.3.15 /ʧ/ 4.3.16 /ʤ/ 4.3.17 /j/ 4.3.18 /f/ vs. /v/ 4.3.19 /v/ vs. /w/ 4.3.20 /b/ vs. /v/ 4.3.21 /p/ vs. /f/ /b/ vs. /p/ 4.3.22 /h/ 4.3.23 /g/ 4.3.24 /n/

 

4.3.25 Syllabic /n/ 4.3.26 /ŋ/ 4.3.27 /n/ vs. /l/ 4.3.28 /l/ and /ɫ/ 4.3.29 The American /ɹ/ Sound
4.3.29.1 /ɹ/ Beginning of Syllables 4.3.29.2 /ɚ/ 4.3.29.3 /ɑɹ/ 4.3.29.4 /iɹ/ 4.3.29.5 /ɛɹ/ 4.3.29.6 /oɹ/ 4.3.29.7 /aɪɚ/ and /aʊɚ/ 4.3.29.8 /ɹ/ Specific Spelling Patterns 4.3.29.9 /ɹ/ Blends 4.3.29.10 /ɹ/ Occurring Twice in Words 4.3.29.11 /ɹ/ Sentences and Paragraph 4.3.29.12 /ɚ/ vs. /ɛɹ/ 4.3.29.13 /oɹ/ vs. /ɚ/ 4.3.29.14 Deletion or Addition of /ɹ/ 4.3.29.15 /ɚ/ without /j/
4.3.30 /ɹ/ vs. /l/ or /ɫ/ 4.3.31 Vowel/Diphthong + Nasal Sounds 4.3.32 Production of Final Consonants 4.3.33 Production of Final Consonant Clusters
5. Stress in Words and Phrases
5.12 Reflexive Pronouns
5.13 Initialisms
5.14 Unstressed and Silent Syllables
5.14.2 Silent Syllables
10. Structured Speaking Activities
11. Final Review and Challenge

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