TEST - Englission

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Englission Direct Lesson Access Workaround

1. Introduction

Strategies for Success
Initial Planning
How to Practice
Minimal Pairs
Sentence and Paragraphs: “How To”

2. IPA Symbols

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
IPA Symbol Overview & Activity
Using a Dictionary
Dictionary Symbols

3. Vowels

3.1 Front Vowels

3.1.1 /i/

All About Tense /i/
Tense /i/ Spelling Patterns
3.1.1.1 Tense /i/ Words
3.1.1.2 Tense /i/ at the Ends of Words
3.1.1.4.1 Tense /i/ Sentences – Set #1
3.1.1.4.1 Tense /i/ Sentences — Set #1 Answer Key
3.1.1.4.2 Tense /i/ Sentences – Set #2
3.1.1.4.2 Tense /i/ Sentences- Set #2 Answer Key
3.1.1.5.1 Tense /i/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
3.1.1.5.1 Tense /i/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice: Answer Key
3.1.1.5.2 Another Tense /i/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
3.1.1.5.2 Another Tense /i/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice: Answer Key
3.1.1.7.1 Tense /i/ Speaking Practice
Tense /i/ Quiz

3.1.2 /ɪ/

3.1.3 /i/ vs. /ɪ/

Tense /i/ (“ee”) and Relaxed /ɪ/ (“ih”)
3.1.3.2 Tense /i/ “ee” and Relaxed /ɪ/ “ih”: Word Practice
3.1.3.3.1 /i/ and /ɪ/ Sentences – Set #1
3.1.3.3.1 /i/ and /ɪ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.1.3.3.2 /i/ and /ɪ/ Sentences – Set #2
3.1.3.3.2 /i/ and /ɪ/ Sentences – Set #2 ANSWER KEY
3.1.3.4 Tense /i/ and Relaxed /ɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
3.1.3.4 /i/ and /ɪ/Paragraph + Speaking Activity ANSWER KEY

3.1.4 /eɪ/

All About Tense /eɪ/ (“ay”)
/eɪ/ Spelling Patterns
3.1.4.1 /eɪ/ Word Practice
3.1.4.2 /eɪm/ Word Practice
3.1.4.3 /eɪn/ Word Practice
3.1.4.4 “-ation” Word Practice
3.1.4.5 /eɪ/ vs. /aɪ/ Word Practice
3.1.4.7 /eɪ/ Sentence Practice
3.1.4.7 /eɪ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.1.4.8.1 /eɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
3.1.4.8.1 /eɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity #1 ANSWER KEY
3.1.4.8.2 /eɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2
3.1.4.8.2 /eɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity #2 ANSWER KEY
3.1.4.10.1 /eɪ/ Speaking Practice

3.1.5 /ɛ/

All About /ɛ/
/ɛ/ Spelling Patterns
3.1.5.1 /ɛ/ Word Practice
3.1.5.2 /ɛn/ Word Practice
3.1.5.4.1 /ɛ/ Sentences #1
3.1.5.4.1 /ɛ/ Sentences #1 ANSWER KEY
3.1.5.4.2 /ɛ/ Sentences #2
3.1.5.4.2 /ɛ/ Sentences #2 ANSWER KEY
3.1.5.5.1 /ɛ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
3.1.5.5.1 /ɛ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity #1 ANSWER KEY
3.1.5.5.2 /ɛ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2
3.1.5.5.2 /ɛ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity #2 ANSWER KEY
3.1.5.7.1/ε/ Speaking Practice

3.1.6 /eɪ/ vs. /ɛ/

/eɪ/ vs. /ɛ/ Spelling Patterns
3.1.6.2 /eɪ/ vs. /ɛ/ Word Practice
3.1.6.3 /eɪ/ vs. /ɛ/ Sentences
3.1.6.3 /eɪ/ and /ɛ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.1.6.4.1 /eɪ/ vs. /ɛ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
3.1.6.4.1 /eɪ/ and /ɛ/ Paragraph+ Speaking Activity #1 ANSWER KEY
3.1.6.4.2 /eɪ/ vs. /ɛ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2
3.1.6.4.2 /eɪ/ and /ɛ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity #2 ANSWER KEY

3.1.7 /i/ vs. /eɪ/

3.1.7.2 /i/ vs. /eɪ/ Word Practice
3.1.7.3 /ɹeɪ/ Word Practice
3.1.7.4 /ɹeɪ/ Sentences
3.1.7.4 /ɹeɪ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY

3.1.8 /ɪ/ vs. /ɛ/

All About /ɪ/ vs. /ɛ/
/ɪ/ and /ɛ/ Spelling Patterns
3.1.8.2 /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ Word Practice
3.1.8.3 /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ Sentences
3.1.8.3 /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.1.8.4 /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
3.1.8.4 /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice ANSWER KEY

3.1.9 /æ/

How to Pronounce /æ/
/æ/ Spelling Patterns
3.1.9.1.1 /æ/ Word Practice #1
3.1.9.1.2 /æ/ Word Practice #2
3.1.9.2 /æm/ Word Practice
3.1.9.3 /æn/ Word Practice
3.1.9.5.1 /æ/ Sentences #1
3.1.9.5.1 /æ/ Sentences #1: Answer Key
3.1.9.5.2 /æ/ Sentences #2
3.1.9.5.2 /æ/ Sentences # 2: Answer Key
3.1.9.6.1 /æ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
3.1.9.6.1 /æ/ Paragraph Answer Key #1
3.1.9.6.2 /æ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2
3.1.9.6.2 /æ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice Answer Key #2
3.1.9.8 /æ/ Speaking Practice

3.1.10 /ɛ/ vs. /æ/

Producing /ɛ/ (“Bed”) vs. /æ/ (“Bad”)
/ɛ/ vs. /æ/ Spelling Patterns
3.1.10.2 /ɛ/ vs. /æ/ Word Practice
3.1.10.3 /hɛ/ Word Practice
3.1.10.4 /ɛ/ vs. /æ/ Sentence Practice
3.1.10.4 /ɛ/ vs. /æ/ Sentence ANSWER KEY
3.1.10.5 /ɛ/ vs. /æ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
3.1.10.5 /ɛ/ vs. /æ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity ANSWER KEY

3.1.11 /æ/ vs. /ɑ/

All About /æ/ and /ɑ/
/æ/ and /ɑ/ Spelling Patterns
3.1.11.1 /æ/ vs. /ɑ/ Word Practice
3.1.11.2 /æ/ and /ɑ/ Sentences
3.1.11.2 /æ/ and /ɑ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.1.11.3.1 /æ/ and /ɑ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
3.1.11.3.1 /æ/ and /ɑ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice ANSWER KEY #1
3.1.11.3.2 /æ/ vs. /ɑ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2
3.1.11.3.2 /æ/ vs. /ɑ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice ANSWER KEY #2

Additional Front Vowel Contrasts

Contrast: /i/, /ɪ/, /eɪ/, /ε/, and /ae/
Contrast: /i/, /ɪ/, and /ε/
Contrast: /ɪ/, /ε/, and /ae/
Contrast: /eɪ/, /ε/, and /ae/

3.2 Central Vowels

3.2.1 /ʌ/ and /ə/

3.2.2 /ɑ/ vs. /ʌ/

Pronouncing /ɑ/ “Cop” vs. /ʌ/ “Cup”
/ɑ/ and /ʌ/ Spelling Patterns
3.2.2.2 /ɑ/ and /ʌ/ Word Practice
3.2.2.3.1 /ɑ/ and /ʌ/ Sentences #1
3.2.2.3.1 /ɑ/ and /ʌ/ Sentences #1 ANSWER KEY
3.2.2.3.2 /ɑ/ and /ʌ/ Sentences #2
3.2.2.3.2 /ɑ/ and /ʌ/ Sentences #2 ANSWER KEY
3.2.2.4 /ɑ/ vs. /ʌ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
3.2.2.4 /ɑ/ vs. /ʌ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity ANSWER KEY

3.2.3 /ʌ/ vs. /ʊ/

Producing /ʌ/ “Luck” vs. /ʊ/ “Look”
/ʌ/ and /ʊ/ Spelling Patterns
3.2.3.2 /ʌ/ and /ʊ/ Word Practice
3.2.3.3 /ʌ/ and /ʊ/ Sentence Practice
3.2.3.3 /ʌ/ and /ʊ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.2.3.4 /ʌ/ and /ʊ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
3.2.3.4 /ʌ/ and /ʊ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity ANSWER KEY

3.3 Back Vowels

3.3.1 /uʷ/

All About Tense /uʷ/
Tense /uʷ/ Spelling Patterns
3.3.1.1 Tense /uʷ/ Word Practice
3.3.1.2 Tense /uʷ/ + /n/ Word Practice
3.3.1.3.1 Tense /uʷ/ and /ʲuʷ/ at the Ends of Words
3.3.1.3.2 Tense /uʷ/ in Linked Phrases
3.3.1.5 Tense /uʷ/ Sentence Practice
3.3.1.5 Tense /uʷ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.3.1.6.1 Tense /uʷ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
3.3.1.6.1 Tense /uʷ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity #1 ANSWER KEY
3.3.1.6.2 Tense /uʷ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2
3.3.1.6.2 Tense /uʷ/Paragraph + Speaking Activity #2 ANSWER KEY
3.3.1.8 Tense /uʷ/ Speaking Practice

3.3.2 /ʊ/

All About Relaxed /ʊ/
Relaxed /ʊ/ Spelling Patterns
3.3.2.1.1 Relaxed /ʊ/ in Words – Set #1
3.3.2.1.2 Relaxed /ʊ/ in Words – Set #2
3.3.2.2 Relaxed /ʊ/ in Sentences
3.3.2.2 Relaxed /ʊ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.3.2.3.1 Relaxed /ʊ/ Paragraph 1 + Speaking Practice
3.3.2.3.1 Relaxed /ʊ/ Paragraph 1 + Speaking Practice ANSWER KEY
3.3.2.3.2 Relaxed /ʊ/ Paragraph 2 + Speaking Practice
3.3.2.3.2 Relaxed /ʊ/ Paragraph 2 + Speaking Practice ANSWER KEY
3.3.2.5.1 Relaxed /ʊ/ Speaking Practice

3.3.3 /uʷ/ vs. /ʊ/

All About Tense /uʷ/ and Relaxed /ʊ/
/uʷ/ vs. /ʊ/ Spelling Patterns
3.3.3.2 /uʷ/ vs. /ʊ/ Word Pairs
3.3.3.3 /uʷ/ vs. /ʊ/ Sentences
3.3.3.3 /uʷ/ and /ʊ/Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.3.3.4 /uʷ/ vs. /ʊ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
3.3.3.4 /uʷ/ and /ʊ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity ANSWER KEY

3.3.4 /oʷ/

How to Pronounce /oʷ/
The “Whoa” Sound
/oʷ/ Spelling Patterns
3.3.4.1 /oʷ/ Word Practice
3.3.4.2 /oʷ/ at the Ends of Words
3.3.4.3 /oʷn/ Word Practice
3.3.4.4 /oʷ/ Sentence Practice
3.3.4.4 /oʷ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.3.4.5.1 /oʷ/ Paragraph #1 + Speaking Practice
3.3.4.5.1 /oʷ/ Paragraph #1 + Speaking Activity ANSWER KEY
3.3.4.5.2 /oʷ/ Paragraph #2 + Speaking Practice
3.3.4.5.2 /oʷ/ Paragraph #2 + Speaking Activity ANSWER KEY
3.3.4.7.1 /oʷ/ Speaking Practice

3.3.5 /ɑ/

All About /ɑ/ (“ah”)
Learn the Difference: /ɑ/ vs. /ɔ/
/ɑ/ Spelling Patterns
3.3.5.1 /ɑ/ Word Practice
3.3.5.2 /ɑ/: “au” Word Practice
3.3.5.3 /ɑ/: /ɑn/ Word Practice
3.3.5.4.1 /ɑ/ Sentences Set 1
3.3.5.4.1 /ɑ/ Sentences Set 1 Answer Key
3.3.5.4.2 /ɑ/ Sentences Set 2
3.3.5.4.2 /ɑ/ Sentences Set 2 Answer Key
3.3.5.5 /ɑ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
3.3.5.5 /ɑ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice Answer Key
3.3.5.7.1 /ɑ/ Speaking Practice
/ɑ/ Quiz

3.3.6 /oʷ/ vs. /ɑ/

Pronouncing /oʷ/ “Coat” vs. /ɑ/ “Caught”
/oʷ/ vs. /ɑ/ Spelling Patterns
3.3.6.2 /oʷ/ vs. /ɑ/ Word Practice
3.3.6.3 /oʷ/ vs. /ɑ/ Phrases
3.3.6.4 /oʷ/ vs. /ɑ/ Sentence Practice
3.3.6.4 /oʷ/ vs. /ɑ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.3.6.5 /oʷ/ vs. /ɑ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity
3.3.6.5 /oʷ/ vs. /ɑ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity ANSWER KEY

3.4 Diphthongs

3.4.1 /aɪ/

How to Pronounce /aɪ/
/aɪ/ Spelling Patterns
3.4.1.1 /aɪ/ Words
3.4.1.2.1 /aɪ/ Sentences: Set #1
3.4.1.2.1 /aɪ/ Sentences: Set #1 ANSWER KEY
3.4.1.2.2 /aɪ/ Sentences: Set #2
3.4.1.2.2 /aɪ/ Sentences: Set #2 ANSWER KEY
3.4.1.3.1 /aɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
3.4.1.3.1 /aɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1 ANSWER KEY
3.4.1.3.2 /aɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2
3.4.1.3.2 /aɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2 ANSWER KEY
3.4.1.5.1 /aɪ/ Speaking Practice

3.4.2 /aʊ/

All About /aʊ/
/aʊ/ Spelling Patterns
3.4.2.1 /aʊ/ Word Practice
3.4.2.2 /aʊn/ Word Practice
3.4.2.3 /aʊ/ Sentences
3.4.2.3 /aʊ/ Sentences: Answer Key
3.4.2.4 /aʊ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
3.4.2.4 /aʊ/ Paragraph: Answer Key
3.4.2.6.1 /aʊ/ Speaking Practice

3.4.3 /ɔɪ/

All About /ɔɪ/
/ɔɪ/ Spelling Patterns
3.4.3.1 /ɔɪ/ Words
3.4.3.2 /ɔɪ/ Sentences
3.4.3.2 /ɔɪ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.4.3.3.1 /ɔɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
3.4.3.3.1 /ɔɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1 ANSWER KEY
3.4.3.3.2 /ɔɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2
3.4.3.3.2 /ɔɪ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2 ANSWER KEY
3.4.3.5.1 /ɔɪ/ Speaking Practice

3.4.4 /ʲuʷ/

All About /ʲuʷ/
3.4.4.1.1 /ʲuʷ/ Word Practice: Set #1
3.4.4.1.2 /ʲuʷ/ Word Practice: Set #2
3.4.4.2 /ʲuʷ/ Sentences
3.4.4.2 /ʲuʷ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
3.4.4.3 /ʲuʷ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
3.4.4.3 /ʲuʷ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity #1 ANSWER KEY
3.4.4.3.2 /ʲuʷ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2
3.4.4.3.2 /ʲuʷ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity #2 ANSWER KEY
3.4.4.5 /ʲuʷ/ Speaking Practice

3.4.5 Side-by-Side Vowels

Overview

All About Side-by-Side Vowels
All About Side-by-Side Vowels: Take 2

3.4.5.1 Side-by-Side Vowels: /i/ + Vowel/Syllable

3.4.5.1.1 /i/ + Vowel/Syllable Words
3.4.5.2 /i/ + Vowel in “-ying” Endings

3.4.5.2 Side-by-Side Vowels: /uʷ/ + Vowel/Syllable

All About “-ual” endings
3.4.5.2 /uʷ/ + Vowel/Syllable Words

3.4.5.3 -ia Spelling Patterns

3.4.5.3.1 “-ia” = two syllables
3.4.5.3.2 “-ia” = one syllable
3.4.5.3.2.1 “-ia” = /jə/
3.4.5.3.2.2 “-ia” = /ə/

4. Consonants

4.1 Voicing

4.1.2 and 4.1.3 Voicing

All About Voicing
4.1.2.1 General Voicing Practice
4.1.3.1 Final Consonant Voicing
4.1.3.3 Voicing in “Use” and “Have”
4.1.3.4 Voicing in Sentences
4.1.3.5 Voicing in a Paragraph

4.1.4 “-s” and “-ed” Endings

All About “-s” Endings
4.1.4.1.1 “-s” Ending Words
4.1.4.1.2 “-s” Ending with Extra Syllable Words
4.1.4.1.3 “-s” Sentences
4.1.4.1.3 “-s” Sentences: Answer Key
4.1.4.1.4 “-s” Paragraph #1
4.1.4.1.4 “-s” Paragraph #1: Answer Key
4.1.4.1.4.2 “-s” Paragraph #2
4.1.4.1.4.2 “-s” Paragraph #2: Answer Key
4.1.4.2 All About “-ed” Endings
4.1.4.2.1 “-ed” Ending Words
4.1.4.2.2 “-ed” Endings with/without an Extra Syllable
4.1.4.2.3 /ʤ/ and /ʧ/ followed by “-ed” Word Practice
4.1.4.2.4 “-ed” Sentences
4.1.4.2.4 “-ed” Sentences: Answer Key
4.1.4.2.5 “-ed” Paragraph
4.1.4.2.5 “-ed” Paragraph: Answer Key

4.2 Consonant Spelling Patterns

4.2.1, 4.2.2 Spelling Patterns

4.2.1.1 “qu”
4.2.2.1 “ti”
4.2.2.2 “ci”
4.2.2.3 “ssion”
4.2.2.4 “ssure” and “ssue”
4.2.2.5 “tu”
4.2.2.6 “du”
4.2.2.7 “sion”
4.2.2.8 “su”
4.2.2.9 “cc”

4.2.3 X

All About “X”
4.2.3.1.1, 4.2.3.1.2, 4.2.3.1.3, 4.2.3.1.4 “X” Pronunciation Rules
4.2.3.2 “X” Sentence Practice
“X” Sentences ANSWER KEY

4.2.4 Other Spelling Notes

4.2.4.1 “ch”
4.2.4.2 “alk”
4.2.4.3 “mb”
4.2.4.4 “ang,” “ank,” and “anx”
4.2.4.5 “ould”

4.2.5 Spelling Pattern Paragraph Practice

Various Spelling Patterns: Paragraph

4.3 Common Problem Sounds and Sound Substitutions

4.3.1 American Varieties of “t”

4.3.1.1 Released /tʰ/

4.3.1.1.1 /tʰ/ Words
4.3.1.1.2 /tʰ/ Sentences
4.3.1.1.3 /tʰ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity

4.3.1.2 The Quick “d” Sound

All About Quick “d”
Quick “d” Spelling Patterns
4.3.1.2.1 Quick “d” Word Practice
4.3.1.2.2 Additional Quick “d” Word Practice
4.3.1.2.3 Quick “d” as “d” Word Practice
4.3.1.2.4 Quick “d” Sentence Practice
4.3.1.2.4 Quick “d” Sentences: Answer Key
4.3.1.2.5 Quick “d” Paragraph + Speaking Practice
4.3.1.2.5 Quick “d” Paragraph: Answer Key

4.3.1.3 Glottal Stop

All About /Ɂ/ (The Glottal Stop Sound)
/ʔ/ (The Glottal Stop Sound) Spelling Patterns
4.3.1.3.1 /ʔ/ Word Practice
4.3.1.3.2.1 /Ɂ/ in “nt” Word Practice
4.3.1.3.2.2 Silent “t”
4.3.1.3.3 /Ɂ/ (Glottal Stop) Sentence Practice
4.3.1.3.3 /ʔ/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
4.3.1.3.4 /Ɂ/ (Glottal Stop) Paragraph + Speaking Practice
4.3.1.3.4 /ʔ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity ANSWER KEY

4.3.1.4 Unreleased /t˺/

About the Unreleased /t˺/
/t˺/ (Unreleased “t”) Spelling Patterns
4.3.1.4.1 /t˺/ (Unreleased “t”) Word Practice
4.3.1.4.1 /t˺/ (Unreleased “t”) in Phrases
4.3.1.4.3.1 /t˺/ (Unreleased “t”) Sentences
4.3.1.4.3.1 /t˺/ (Unreleased “t”) Sentences ANSWER KEY
4.3.1.4.3.2 /t˺/, /ɾ/, /ʔ/, and Omitted “t” Sentences
4.3.1.4.3.2 /t˺/, /ɾ/, /ʔ/, and Omitted “t” Sentences ANSWER KEY

4.3.2 /d/

All About /d/
4.3.2.1 /d/ Word Practice
4.3.2.2 /d/ at the Ends of Words
4.3.2.3 /d/ Sentence Practice
4.3.2.4 /d/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.3 /d/, /t/, /z/, /s/ and /f/ vs. /ð/ and /ɵ/

4.3.3.2 /d/ and /t/ vs. /ð/ and /ɵ/ Words
4.3.3.4 /s/ vs. /ɵ/ Words
/f/ vs. /ɵ/ Words
4.3.3.5 /ð/ and /ɵ/ Sentences
4.3.3.6 /ð/ and /ɵ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity

4.3.4 /ð/ and /ɵ/

How to Pronounce “th”
4.3.4.1 Voiced “th” Word Practice
4.3.4.2 Voiceless “th” Word Practice
4.3.4.3 Voiceless “th” at the Ends of Words
4.3.4.4 “th” + “s” Tips and Practice
4.3.4.5.1 “th” Sentence Practice #1
4.3.4.5.2 “th” Sentence Practice #2
4.3.4.6 “th” Paragraph Practice

4.3.5 /s/

/s/ Spelling Patterns
4.3.5.1 /s/ at the beginning of one-syllable words
4.3.5.2 /s/ at the beginning of multisyllabic words
4.3.5.3 /s/ in the middle of words
4.3.5.4 /s/ or /z/ occurring multiple times in words
4.3.5.5 /st/ at the beginning and in the middle of words
4.3.5.6 /stɹ/ at the beginning of syllables
4.3.5.7 /ɚst/ at the ends of words
4.3.5.8 /s/ in sentences
4.3.5.9 /s/ in a paragraph

4.3.6 Initial /s/ Clusters

4.3.6.1 Initial /s/ Clusters Words
4.3.6.2 Initial /s/ Clusters Sentences
4.3.6.3 Initial /s/ Clusters Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.7 /z/

All About /z/
/z/ Spelling Patterns
4.3.7.1 /z/ at the Beginning of Words
4.3.7.2 /z/ in the Middle of Words
4.3.7.3 /z/ at the Ends of Words
4.3.7.4 /z/ Sentences
/z/ Sentences ANSWER KEY
4.3.7.5 /z/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
/z/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice ANSWER KEY

4.3.8 /ʒ/

All About /ʒ/
/ʒ/ Spelling Patterns
4.3.8.1 /ʒ/ Words
4.3.8.2 /ʒ/ Sentences
4.3.8.3 /ʒ/ Paragraph

4.3.9 /z/, /ʒ/, and /ʤ/

All About /z/, /ʒ/, and /ʤ/
4.3.9.1 /z/, /ʒ/, and /ʤ/ Word Practice
4.3.9.2 /z/ vs. /ʤ/ Word Pairs
4.3.9.3 /z/, /ʒ/, and /ʤ/ Sentences
4.3.9.4 /z/, /ʒ/, and /ʤ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.10 /s/ vs. /ʃ/

All About /s/ and /ʃ/
/s/ and /ʃ/ Spelling Patterns
4.3.10.1 /s/ vs. /ʃ/ Word Pairs
4.3.10.2 Words Containing /s/ and /ʃ/ or /ʒ/
4.3.10.3 /s/,/ʃ/, and /ʒ/ Sentences
4.3.10.4 /s/,/ʃ/, and /ʒ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.11 /ʧ/ vs. /ʃ/

All About /ʧ/ and /ʃ/
/ʧ/ and /ʃ/Spelling Patterns
4.3.11.1 /ʧ/ vs. /ʃ/ Word Pairs
4.3.11.3 /ʧ/ and /ʃ/ Sentences
4.3.11.4 /ʧ/ and /ʃ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.12 /ʧ/ vs. /ʤ/

4.3.12.1 /ʧ/ vs. /ʤ/ Word Pairs
4.3.12.3 /ʧ/ and /ʤ/ Sentences
4.3.12.4 /ʧ/ and /ʤ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.13 /j/ vs. /ʤ/

/j/ and /ʤ/ Spelling Patterns
4.2.13.1 /j/ vs. /ʤ/ Word Pairs
4.2.13.3 /j/ and /ʤ/ Sentences
4.2.13.4.1 /j/ and /ʤ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
4.2.13.4.2 /j/ and /ʤ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2

4.3.14 /ʃ/

/ʃ/ Spelling Patterns
4.3.14.1 /ʃ/ Words
4.3.14.2 /ʃ/ Sentences
4.3.14.3 /ʃ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.15 /ʧ/

/ʧ/ Spelling Patterns
4.3.15.1 /ʧ/ Words
4.3.15.2 /ʧ/ Sentences
4.3.15.3 /ʧ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.16 /ʤ/

All About /ʤ/
/ʤ/ Spelling Patterns
4.3.16.1 /ʤ/ Words
4.3.16.2 /ʤ/ at the Ends of Words
4.3.16.3 /ʤ/ Sentences
4.3.16.4 /ʤ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.17 /j/

/j/ Spelling Patterns
4.3.17.1 /j/ Words
4.3.17.2 /j/ Sentences
4.3.17.3 /j/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.18 /f/ vs. /v/

All About /f/ and /v/
4.3.18.2 /f/ vs. /v/ Words
4.3.18.3 /v/ at the Ends of Words
4.3.18.4 /v/ in Sentences

4.3.19 /v/ vs. /w/

All About /v/ and /w/
4.3.19.1 /v/ vs. /w/ Word Pairs
4.3.19.2 /v/ and /w/ Phrases
4.3.19.3.1 /v/ and /w/ Sentences #1
4.3.19.3.2 /v/ and /w/ Sentences #2
4.3.19.4.1 /v/ and /w/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
4.3.19.4.2 /v/ and /w/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2

4.3.20 /b/ vs. /v/

All About /b/ and /v/
4.3.20.1 /b/ vs. /v/ Word Pairs
4.3.20.3 /b/ and /v/ Sentences
4.3.20.4.1 /b/ and /v/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
4.3.20.4.2 /b/ and /v/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2

4.3.21 /p/ vs. /f/

All About /p/ and /f/
4.3.21.1 /p/ vs. /f/ Word Pairs
4.3.21.3 /p/ and /f/ Sentences
4.3.21.4 /p/ and /f/ Paragraph

/b/ vs. /p/

/b/ vs. /p/ Word Pairs
/b/ and /p/ Sentences

4.3.22 /h/

All About /h/
/h/ Spelling Patterns
4.3.22.1 Vowel Initial vs. /h/ Initial Word Practice
4.3.22.2 /h/ Words
4.3.22.3 /h/ Sentences
4.3.22.4.1 /h/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #1
4.3.22.4.2 /h/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice #2

4.3.23 /g/

4.3.23.1 Final /g/ Words
4.3.23.2 Final /g/ Sentences
4.3.23.3.1 Final /g/ Paragraph #1
4.3.23.3.2 Final /g/ Paragraph #2

4.3.24 /n/

4.3.25 Syllabic /n/

How to Produce Syllabic “N”
Producing words with “-ion” and “-ian”
4.3.25.1 Syllabic /n/: Word Practice
4.3.25.2 “-tion,” “-s(s)ion,” and more
4.3.25.3 Syllabic /n/: Sentence Practice
4.3.25.4 Syllabic /n/: Paragraph

4.3.26 /ŋ/

How to Pronounce /ŋ/
4.3.26.1 /ŋ/: Word Practice
4.3.26.2 /n/ vs. /ŋ/: Word Practice
4.3.26.3 “-ang,” “-ank,” “anx-” Word Practice
4.3.26.4 /ŋ/: Sentence Practice
4.3.26.5 /ŋ/: Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.27 /n/ vs. /l/

4.3.27.1 /n/ vs. /l/ Word Pairs
4.3.27.3 /n/ and /l/ Sentences
4.3.27.4 /n/ and /l/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.28 /l/ and /ɫ/

All About “Light” /l/
All About “Dark” /ɫ/
4.3.28.1 /l/ Words
4.3.28.2 /l/ Blend Words
4.3.28.3 “-bly” Endings
4.3.28.4 “-cally” Endings
4.3.28.5 /ɫ/ Ends of One-Syllable Words
4.3.28.6 /ɫ/ Ends of Multi-Syllabic Words
4.3.28.7 /ɫ/ Middle of Words
4.3.28.8 /oɫ/ Words
4.3.28.9 /aɪɫ/ Words
4.3.28.10 /aʊɫ/ Words
4.3.28.11 “Light” /l/ Sentences
4.3.28.12 “Dark” /ɫ/ Sentences
4.3.28.13 “Light” /l/ Paragraph
4.3.28.14 “Dark” /ɫ/ Paragraph

4.3.29 The American /ɹ/ Sound

4.3.29.1 /ɹ/ Beginning of Syllables

Pronunciation of /ɹ/ at the Beginning of Words
4.3.29.1.1 /ɹ/ Syllable Initial, Word Initial
4.3.29.1.2 /ɹ/ Syllable Initial, Word Medial

4.3.29.2 /ɚ/

Producing /ɚ/
4.3.29.2.1 /ɚ/ Final
4.3.29.2.2 /ɚ/ Medial
4.3.29.2.3 /ɚ/ Medial and Final

4.3.29.3 /ɑɹ/

4.3.29.3.1 /ɑɹ/ Final
4.3.29.3.2 /ɑɹ/ Medial

4.3.29.4 /iɹ/

4.3.29.4.1 /iɹ/ Final
4.3.29.4.2 /iɹ/ Medial

4.3.29.5 /ɛɹ/

4.3.29.5.1 /ɛɹ/ Final
4.3.29.5.2 /ɛɹ/ Medial

4.3.29.6 /oɹ/

4.3.29.6.1 /oɹ/ Final
4.3.29.6.1 /oɹ/ Medial

4.3.29.7 /aɪɚ/ and /aʊɚ/

4.3.29.7.1 /aɪɚ/ Final
4.3.29.7.2 /aɪɚ/ Medial
4.3.29.7.3 /aʊɚ/ Medial and Final

4.3.29.8 /ɹ/ Specific Spelling Patterns

4.3.29.8.1 “war” Words
4.3.29.8.2 “ur” Words

4.3.29.9 /ɹ/ Blends

4.3.29.9.1 /ɹ/ Blends
4.3.29.9.2 /tɹ/ Blends
4.3.29.9.3 /ɵɹ/ Blends

4.3.29.10 /ɹ/ Occurring Twice in Words

4.3.29.10.1 “r” Occurring Twice in Words

4.3.29.11 /ɹ/ Sentences and Paragraph

4.3.29.11.1 /ɹ/ Sentences
4.3.29.11.3 /ɹ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.29.12 /ɚ/ vs. /ɛɹ/

How to Produce /ɚ/ vs. /ɛɹ/
4.3.29.12.1 /ɚ/ vs. /ɛɹ/ Words
4.3.29.12.3 /ɚ/ vs. /ɛɹ/ Sentences
4.3.29.12.4 /ɚ/ vs. /ɛɹ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity

4.3.29.13 /oɹ/ vs. /ɚ/

4.3.29.13.1 /oɹ/ vs. /ɚ/ Words
4.3.29.13.3 /oɹ/ vs. /ɚ/ Sentences
4.3.29.13.4 /oɹ/ vs. /ɚ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity

4.3.29.14 Deletion or Addition of /ɹ/

4.3.29.14.1 /ʌ/ vs. /ɚ/ Word Pairs
4.3.29.14.3 /ɚ/ Sentences

4.3.29.15 /ɚ/ without /j/

4.3.29.15.1 /ɚ/ Words
4.3.29.15.2 /ɚ/ Sentences
4.3.29.15.2 /ɚ/ Paragraph + Speaking Activity

4.3.30 /ɹ/ vs. /l/ or /ɫ/

4.3.30.2 /ɹ/ vs. /l/ or /ɫ/ Word Pairs
4.3.30.3 /ɹ/ vs. /l/ Blends in Words
4.3.30.4 /ɹ/ vs. /l/ Occurring in the Same Word
4.3.30.5 /ɹ/, /l/, and /ɫ/ Sentences
4.3.30.6 /ɹ/, /l/, and /ɫ/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.31 Vowel/Diphthong + Nasal Sounds

Producing Vowels/Diphthongs + /n/
4.3.31.1 Diphthong + /n/: Set #1
4.3.31.2 Vowel/Diphthong + /n/: Set #2
4.3.31.3 Vowel + /ns/ Words
4.3.31.4 Vowel/Diphthong + /m/
/n/ vs. /m/ Words and Sentences
4.3.31.5 Vowel/Diphthong + /n/ Sentences
4.3.31.6.1 Vowel/Diphthong + /n/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice
4.3.31.6.2 Diphthong + /n/ Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.32 Production of Final Consonants

4.3.32.2 Production of Final Consonants Word Pairs
4.3.32.3 Production of Final Consonants Sentences
4.3.32.4 Production of Final Consonants Paragraph + Speaking Practice

4.3.33 Production of Final Consonant Clusters

4.3.33.1 Omission of a Consonant

4.3.33.1.1 Omission of a Consonant Word Pairs

4.3.33.2 Consonant Clusters: /dz/

All About /dz/ Clusters
4.3.33.2.1 Consonant Clusters: /dz/

4.3.33.3 Consonant Clusters: /kt/

4.3.33.3.1 Consonant Clusters: /kt/

4.3.33.4 Consonant Clusters: /ts/

4.3.33.4.1 Consonant Clusters: /s/ vs. /ts/ Word Pairs
4.3.33.4.2 Consonant Clusters: /ts/ at the Ends of Words

4.3.33.5 Consonant Clusters: /st/

4.3.33.5.1 /st/ at the Ends of Syllables

4.3.33.6 Consonant Clusters: /sts/

All about /sts/ Clusters
4.3.33.6.1 /sts/ Words

4.3.33.7 Consonant Clusters: Insertion of /ə/

4.3.33.7.1 Insertion of /ə/ Word Pairs
4.3.33.7.2 Sentence Practice
4.3.33.7.3 Paragraph Practice

5. Stress in Words and Phrases

5.1 Heteronyms

5.1.2 Two-syllable heteronyms
5.1.3 Three-syllable heteronyms

5.2 Two-Syllable Adjectives

5.2.1 Two-syllable adjectives: Words
5.2.2 Two-syllable adjectives: Sentences

5.3 Two-Syllable Verbs

5.3.1 Two-syllable verbs: Words
5.3.2 Two-syllable verbs: Sentences

5.4 Con and Com

How to Pronounce “Con” and “Com”
5.4.1 “Con-” and “Com-” Word Practice
5.4.2 “Con-” and “Com” Sentence Practice

5.5 Pro

How to Pronounce “Pro”
5.5.1 “Pro” Words
5.5.2 “Pro” Sentences

5.6 Re and De

5.6.1 “Re” and “de” with /i/
5.6.2 “Re” and “de” with /ə/
5.6.3 “Re” and “de” with /ɛ/

5.7 Endings that Determine Word Stress

5.7.1 Word Endings: Penultimate Stress
5.7.2 Word Endings: Ante-Penultimate Stress
5.7.3 Word Endings: Ultimate Stress
5.7.4 Word Endings: -ory, -atory, -ary

5.8, 5.9, 5.10 Compounds

5.8 Compound Adjectives
5.9 Compound Adverbs
5.10.1 Compound Verbs: Words
5.10.2 Compound Verbs: Sentences

5.11 Phrasal Verbs

5.11.1 Phrasal Verbs
5.11.2 Phrasal Verbs in Sentences

5.12 Reflexive Pronouns

5.12.1 Reflexive Pronouns

5.13 Initialisms

5.14 Unstressed and Silent Syllables

5.14.2 Silent Syllables

5.14.2.1 Silent Syllables

5.15 Set Phrases and Compound Nouns vs. Descriptive Phrases

5.15.1.1, .2, .3 Phrase Stress Overview

Phrase Stress Overview
Phrase Stress Rules
Phrase Stress: Exceptions
Applying Phrase Stress Rules

5.15.1.4 Practice: Descriptive and Set Phrases

5.15.1.4 Phrase Stress Practice
5.15.1.4.2 Set Phrase Stress Practice
5.15.1.4.3 Set and Descriptive Phrases Stress Practice
5.15.1.4.3 Set and Descriptive Phrases ANSWER KEY
5.15.1.4.4 Adjective + Set Phrase Practice
5.15.1.4.5.1 Phrase Stress: Sentence Practice 1
5.15.1.4.5.1 Phrase Stress Sentences ANSWER KEY 1
5.15.1.4.5.2 Phrase Stress: Sentences Practice 2
5.15.1.4.5.2 Phrase Stress Sentences ANSWER KEY 2
5.15.1.4.6 Phrase Stress: Paragraph
5.15.1.4.6 Phrase Stress Paragraph ANSWER KEY

6. Rhythm and Sentence Stress

All About Sentence Stress and Rhythm
6.0.1 Sentence Stress: Content and Function Words
6.0.3 Reduced Vowels in Function Words
6.0.1.3 Rhythm and Stress Practice in Sentences
6.0.2.1-2 Sentence Stress: Time Concepts
6.0.2.4 Sentence Stress: Exceptions
6.0.5 “Can” and “Can’t”

7. Intonation

7.1 Thought Groups
7.2 Tonic Stress
7.3 Emphatic Stress
7.4 Contrastive Stress
7.5.1 Statements and Questions: Falling Intonation
7.5.2 Yes/No Questions: Rising Intonation
7.5.3 Two-Part Sentences: Fall-Rise Intonation
7.5.4 Listing Items
7.5.5 Rhetorical Questions/Exclamation: High Rise Tone

8. Linking

Introduction to Linking
8.1, 8.2, 8.3 Linking Rules and Practice
8.4, 8.5 Additional Linking Rules

9. Common Words/Pronunciation Issues

9.1 Months
9.2 Days
9.3 Holidays
9.4 Numbers
9.5 Letters
9.6 Direction Words
9.7 Contractions
9.8 Avoiding Offensive Pronunciation Slips

10. Structured Speaking Activities

11. Final Review and Challenge

11.0 Final Challenge: “John’s Bad Day”

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